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Many simplifications.

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Say "graphical displays".
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Richard M. Stallman 2006-05-03 23:23:42 +00:00
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186
man/screen.texi
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@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ be a @dfn{tool bar}, a row of icons that perform editing commands if
you click on them. Below this, the window begins, often with a
@dfn{scroll bar} on one side. Below the window comes the last line of
the frame, a special @dfn{echo area} or @dfn{minibuffer window}, where
prompts appear and where you enter information when Emacs asks for it.
See following sections for more information about these special lines.
prompts appear and you enter information when Emacs asks for it. See
following sections for more information about these special lines.
You can subdivide the window horizontally or vertically to make
multiple text windows, each of which can independently display some
@ -34,22 +34,22 @@ refers to the initial large window if not subdivided, or any one of
the multiple windows you have subdivided it into.
At any time, one window is the @dfn{selected window}. On graphical
terminals, the selected window normally shows a more prominent cursor
displays, the selected window normally shows a more prominent cursor
(usually solid and blinking) while other windows show a weaker cursor
(such as a hollow box). On text terminals, which have just one
cursor, that cursor always appears in the selected window.
(such as a hollow box). Text terminals have just one cursor, so it
always appears in the selected window.
Most Emacs commands implicitly apply to the text in the selected
window (though mouse commands generally operate on whatever window you
click them in, whether selected or not). The text in other windows is
mostly visible for reference, unless/until you select them. If you
use multiple frames on a graphical display, then giving the input
focus to a particular frame selects a window in that frame.
window; the text in unselected windows is mostly visible for
reference. However, mouse commands generally operate on whatever
window you click them in, whether selected or not. If you use
multiple frames on a graphical display, then giving the input focus to
a particular frame selects a window in that frame.
Each window's last line is a @dfn{mode line}, which describes what
is going on in that window. It appears in different color and/or a
``3D'' box, if the terminal supports that; its contents normally begin
with @w{@samp{--:-- @ *scratch*}} when Emacs starts. The mode line
is going on in that window. It appears in different color and/or a ``3D''
box if the terminal supports them; its contents normally begin with
@w{@samp{--:-- @ *scratch*}} when Emacs starts. The mode line
displays status information such as what buffer is being displayed
above it in the window, what major and minor modes are in use, and
whether the buffer contains unsaved changes.
@ -89,18 +89,17 @@ each buffer has its own point location. A buffer that is not
currently displayed remembers its point location in case you display
it again later. When Emacs displays multiple windows, each window has
its own point location. If the same buffer appears in more than one
window, each window has its own position for point in that buffer, and
(when possible) its own cursor.
window, each window has its own point position in that buffer, and (when
possible) its own cursor.
A text-only terminal has just one cursor, so Emacs puts it
in the selected window. The other windows do not show a cursor, even
though they do have a location of point. When Emacs updates the
screen on a text-only terminal, it has to put the cursor temporarily
at the place the output goes. This doesn't mean point is there,
though. Once display updating finishes, Emacs puts the cursor where
point is.
A text-only terminal has just one cursor, in the selected window.
The other windows do not show a cursor, even though they do have their
own position of point. When Emacs updates the screen on a text-only
terminal, it has to put the cursor temporarily at the place the output
goes. This doesn't mean point is there, though. Once display
updating finishes, Emacs puts the cursor where point is.
On graphical terminals, Emacs shows a cursor in each window; the
On graphical displays, Emacs shows a cursor in each window; the
selected window's cursor is solid and blinking, and the other cursors
are just hollow. Thus, the most prominent cursor always shows you the
selected window, on all kinds of terminals.
@ -165,18 +164,19 @@ that appears briefly on the screen, you can switch to the
are often collapsed into one in that buffer.)
@vindex message-log-max
The size of @samp{*Messages*} is limited to a certain number of lines.
The variable @code{message-log-max} specifies how many lines. Once the
buffer has that many lines, each line added at the end deletes one line
from the beginning. @xref{Variables}, for how to set variables such as
@code{message-log-max}.
The size of @samp{*Messages*} is limited to a certain number of
lines. The variable @code{message-log-max} specifies how many lines.
Once the buffer has that many lines, adding lines at the end deletes lines
from the beginning, to keep the size constant. @xref{Variables}, for
how to set variables such as @code{message-log-max}.
The echo area is also used to display the @dfn{minibuffer}, a window that
is used for reading arguments to commands, such as the name of a file to be
edited. When the minibuffer is in use, the echo area begins with a prompt
string that usually ends with a colon; also, the cursor appears in that line
because it is the selected window. You can always get out of the
minibuffer by typing @kbd{C-g}. @xref{Minibuffer}.
The echo area is also used to display the @dfn{minibuffer}, a window
where you can input arguments to commands, such as the name of a file
to be edited. When the minibuffer is in use, the echo area begins
with a prompt string that usually ends with a colon; also, the cursor
appears in that line because it is the selected window. You can
always get out of the minibuffer by typing @kbd{C-g}.
@xref{Minibuffer}.
@node Mode Line
@section The Mode Line
@ -188,11 +188,11 @@ minibuffer by typing @kbd{C-g}. @xref{Minibuffer}.
what is going on in that window. The mode line starts and ends with
dashes. When there is only one text window, the mode line appears
right above the echo area; it is the next-to-last line in the frame.
On a text-mode display, the mode line is in inverse video if the
On a text-only terminal, the mode line is in inverse video if the
terminal supports that; on a graphics display, the mode line has a 3D
box appearance to help it stand out. The mode line of the selected
window has a slightly different appearance than those of other
windows; see @ref{Optional Mode Line}, for more about this.
window is highlighted if possible; see @ref{Optional Mode Line}, for
more information.
Normally, the mode line looks like this:
@ -201,26 +201,26 @@ windows; see @ref{Optional Mode Line}, for more about this.
@end example
@noindent
This gives information about the buffer being displayed in the window: the
buffer's name, what major and minor modes are in use, whether the buffer's
text has been changed, and how far down the buffer you are currently
looking.
This gives information about the window and the buffer it displays: the
buffer's name, what major and minor modes are in use, whether the
buffer's text has been changed, and how far down the buffer you are
currently looking.
@var{ch} contains two stars @samp{**} if the text in the buffer has
been edited (the buffer is ``modified''), or @samp{--} if the buffer has
not been edited. For a read-only buffer, it is @samp{%*} if the buffer
is modified, and @samp{%%} otherwise.
@var{fr} appears only on text-only terminals, to show the selected
frame name. @xref{Frames}. The initial frame's name is @samp{F1}.
@var{fr} gives the selected frame name (@pxref{Frames}). It appears
only on text-only terminals. The initial frame's name is @samp{F1}.
@var{buf} is the name of the window's @dfn{buffer}. In most cases
this is the same as the name of a file you are editing. @xref{Buffers}.
@var{buf} is the name of the window's @dfn{buffer}. Usually this is
the same as the name of a file you are editing. @xref{Buffers}.
The buffer displayed in the selected window (the window that the
cursor is in) is the @dfn{current buffer}--the one that editing takes
place in. When we speak of what some command does to ``the buffer,''
we mean it does those things to the current buffer.
The buffer displayed in the selected window (the window with the
cursor) is the @dfn{current buffer}, where editing happens. When a
command's effect applies to ``the buffer,'' we mean it does those
things to the current buffer.
@var{pos} tells you whether there is additional text above the top of
the window, or below the bottom. If your buffer is small and it is all
@ -232,17 +232,17 @@ With Size Indication mode, you can display the size of the buffer as
well. @xref{Optional Mode Line}.
@var{line} is @samp{L} followed by the current line number of point.
This is present when Line Number mode is enabled (which it normally is).
You can optionally display the current column number too, by turning on
Column Number mode (which is not enabled by default because it is
somewhat slower). @xref{Optional Mode Line}.
This is present when Line Number mode is enabled (it normally is).
You can display the current column number too, by turning on Column
Number mode. It is not enabled by default because it is somewhat
slower. @xref{Optional Mode Line}.
@var{major} is the name of the @dfn{major mode} in effect in the
buffer. At any time, each buffer is in one and only one of the possible
major modes. The major modes available include Fundamental mode (the
least specialized), Text mode, Lisp mode, C mode, Texinfo mode, and many
others. @xref{Major Modes}, for details of how the modes differ and how
to select one.@refill
buffer. A buffer can only be in one major mode at a time. The major
modes available include Fundamental mode (the least specialized), Text
mode, Lisp mode, C mode, Texinfo mode, and many others. @xref{Major
Modes}, for details of how the modes differ and how to select
them.
Some major modes display additional information after the major mode
name. For example, Rmail buffers display the current message number and
@ -253,14 +253,15 @@ display the status of the subprocess.
turned on at the moment in the window's chosen buffer. For example,
@samp{Fill} means that Auto Fill mode is on. @samp{Abbrev} means that
Word Abbrev mode is on. @samp{Ovwrt} means that Overwrite mode is on.
@xref{Minor Modes}, for more information. @samp{Narrow} means that
the buffer being displayed has editing restricted to only a portion of
its text. (This is not really a minor mode, but is like one.)
@xref{Narrowing}. @samp{Def} means that a keyboard macro is being
defined. @xref{Keyboard Macros}.
@xref{Minor Modes}, for more information.
In addition, if Emacs is currently inside a recursive editing level,
square brackets (@samp{[@dots{}]}) appear around the parentheses that
@samp{Narrow} means that the buffer being displayed has editing
restricted to only a portion of its text. (This is not really a minor
mode, but is like one.) @xref{Narrowing}. @samp{Def} means that a
keyboard macro is being defined. @xref{Keyboard Macros}.
In addition, if Emacs is inside a recursive editing level, square
brackets (@samp{[@dots{}]}) appear around the parentheses that
surround the modes. If Emacs is in one recursive editing level within
another, double square brackets appear, and so on. Since recursive
editing levels affect Emacs globally, not just one buffer, the square
@ -288,22 +289,21 @@ identifies the input method. (Some input methods show @samp{+} or
all. @xref{Enabling Multibyte}.
@cindex end-of-line conversion, mode-line indication
The colon after @var{cs} can change to another string in certain
circumstances. Emacs uses newline characters to separate lines in the buffer.
Some files use different conventions for separating lines: either
carriage-return linefeed (the MS-DOS convention) or just carriage-return
(the Macintosh convention). If the buffer's file uses carriage-return
linefeed, the colon changes to either a backslash (@samp{\}) or
@samp{(DOS)}, depending on the operating system. If the file uses just
carriage-return, the colon indicator changes to either a forward slash
(@samp{/}) or @samp{(Mac)}. On some systems, Emacs displays
@samp{(Unix)} instead of the colon even for files that use newline to
separate lines.
The colon after @var{cs} changes to another string in some cases.
Emacs uses newline characters to separate lines in the buffer. Some
files use different conventions for separating lines: either
carriage-return linefeed (the MS-DOS convention) or just
carriage-return (the Macintosh convention). If the buffer's file uses
carriage-return linefeed, the colon changes to either a backslash
(@samp{\}) or @samp{(DOS)}, depending on the operating system. If the
file uses just carriage-return, the colon indicator changes to either
a forward slash (@samp{/}) or @samp{(Mac)}. On some systems, Emacs
displays @samp{(Unix)} instead of the colon for files that use newline
as the line separator.
@xref{Optional Mode Line}, for features that add other handy
information to the mode line, such as the size of the buffer, the
current column number of point, and whether new mail for you has
arrived.
@xref{Optional Mode Line}, to add other handy information to the
mode line, such as the size of the buffer, the current column number
of point, and whether new mail for you has arrived.
The mode line is mouse-sensitive; when you move the mouse across
various parts of it, Emacs displays help text to say what a click in
@ -314,17 +314,17 @@ that place will do. @xref{Mode Line Mouse}.
@cindex menu bar
Each Emacs frame normally has a @dfn{menu bar} at the top which you
can use to perform certain common operations. There's no need to list
them here, as you can more easily see for yourself.
can use to perform common operations. There's no need to list them
here, as you can more easily see them yourself.
@kindex M-`
@kindex F10
@findex tmm-menubar
On a graphical terminal, you can use the mouse to choose a command
from the menu bar. An arrow pointing right, after the menu item,
indicates that the item leads to a subsidiary menu; @samp{...} at the
end means that the command will read arguments (further input from
you) before it actually does anything.
On a graphical display, you can use the mouse to choose a command
from the menu bar. A right-arrow at the end of the menu item means it
leads to a subsidiary menu; @samp{...} at the end means that the
command invoked will read arguments (further input from you) before it
actually does anything.
To view the full command name and documentation for a menu item, type
@kbd{C-h k}, and then select the menu bar with the mouse in the usual
@ -332,11 +332,10 @@ way (@pxref{Key Help}).
On text-only terminals with no mouse, you can use the menu bar by
typing @kbd{M-`} or @key{F10} (these run the command
@code{tmm-menubar}). This command enters a mode in which you can select
a menu item from the keyboard. A provisional choice appears in the echo
area. You can use the up and down arrow keys to move through the
menu to different choices. When you have found the choice you want,
type @key{RET} to select it.
@code{tmm-menubar}). This lets you select a menu item with the
keyboard. A provisional choice appears in the echo area. You can use
the up and down arrow keys to move through the menu to different
items, and then you can type @key{RET} to select the item.
Each menu item also has an assigned letter or digit which designates
that item; it is usually the initial of some word in the item's name.
@ -344,8 +343,7 @@ This letter or digit is separated from the item name by @samp{=>}. You
can type the item's letter or digit to select the item.
Some of the commands in the menu bar have ordinary key bindings as
well; if so, the menu lists one equivalent key binding in parentheses
after the item itself.
well; one such binding is shown in parentheses after the item itself.
@ignore
arch-tag: 104ba40e-d972-4866-a542-a98be94bdf2f